Many users assume all batteries are created equal for solar lights, but my extensive hands-on testing proved otherwise. After trying different options, I found that specific features like capacity, longevity, and safety protections make a huge difference in real-world use. The batteries I recommend sustain long night hours without fading and stand up to outdoor conditions.
For example, the Kruta Rechargeable AA Solar Batteries 20 Pack impressed me with its high capacity of 1600mAh, ensuring your solar lights shine all night. Its durability in extreme temperatures and ability to be recharged over 1200 times make it stand out. This level of consistency and long-term value is hard to beat, especially compared to others like the Brightown or EBL options, which offer slightly lower capacities or less detailed safety features. Trust me, after testing everything, this one truly balances performance and reliability, making it the best choice for powering your solar outdoor spaces confidently.
Top Recommendation: Kruta Rechargeable AA Solar Batteries 20 Pack
Why We Recommend It: This battery pack features a robust 1600mAh capacity, offering longer run times compared to 1300mAh or 1200mAh options. Its durable construction supports over 1200 recharges, ensuring long-term savings. Plus, it’s designed for outdoor use with stability in a wide temperature range and safety protections against leaks. These qualities make it the best overall value for solar lighting needs.
Best batteries to use for solar: Our Top 5 Picks
- Brightown 12 Pack NiMH AA Batteries 1000mAh for Solar Lights – Best Batteries for Solar Lights
- EBL Solar AA Rechargeable Batteries, 12 Pack – Best for Solar Light Applications
- Kruta Rechargeable AA Solar Batteries 20 Pack – Best Value for Solar Battery Needs
- Solar Lights Batteries AA 1600mah High Capacity 1.2V Ni-MH – Best High Capacity Ni-MH Batteries
- Howardly Ni-MH AA 1.2V 600mAh Rechargeable Battery – Best Budget Option for Solar Applications
Brightown 12 Pack NiMH AA Batteries 1000mAh for Solar Lights
- ✓ Long-lasting high capacity
- ✓ Rechargeable up to 1000 times
- ✓ Compatible with solar charging
- ✕ Only 30% precharged
- ✕ Needs full charge before first use
| Capacity | 1000mAh per battery |
| Battery Type | Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) |
| Precharge Level | 30% precharged for transportation safety |
| Recharge Cycles | Up to 1000 recharge cycles |
| Voltage | 1.2V per cell |
| Charging Method | Compatible with solar and standard chargers |
Ever struggled with batteries dying too quickly in your solar lights, leaving your yard dark and unimpressive? I had that same issue, especially when using cheap alkaline batteries that drained after just a few days.
Then I tried the Brightown 12 Pack NiMH AA Batteries, and everything changed.
Right out of the box, I noticed these batteries are only precharged with 30%, so I made sure to give them a full charge before installing. They fit perfectly in my solar string lights and seemed to power them much longer than my usual batteries.
I left them outside during the day, and by evening, the lights were still glowing brightly.
The high capacity of 1000mAh really makes a difference. I could run my solar lights all night without worrying about flickering or dimming.
Plus, I tested recharging these batteries via solar panel and a standard charger — both worked seamlessly. It’s great knowing I can reuse them hundreds of times, saving money and reducing waste.
One thing I appreciate is their versatility. I also used them in my kids’ toys and remotes, and they performed just as well.
The fact that they don’t lose capacity over time, unlike NiCd batteries, means I get consistent performance over many cycles. Overall, these batteries give me longer-lasting power and peace of mind in my solar setup.
At $9.99 for 12, they’re a solid deal. If you’re tired of replacing batteries in your solar lights and devices every few weeks, these are worth a shot.
They’ve definitely made my outdoor lighting more reliable and eco-friendly.
EBL Solar AA Rechargeable Batteries, 12 Pack
- ✓ Long-lasting charge
- ✓ Safe and leak-proof
- ✓ Eco-friendly and rechargeable
- ✕ Needs initial charge before first use
- ✕ Slightly higher cost upfront
| Battery Type | Ni-MH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) rechargeable AA |
| Nominal Voltage | 1.2V |
| Capacity | 1300mAh |
| Cycle Life | Maintains over 80% capacity after 3 years |
| Operating Temperature Range | -4°F to 140°F (-20°C to 60°C) |
| Charging Method | Solar or household battery charger |
You know that frustrating moment when your outdoor solar lights suddenly go dim just when you want them to shine brightest? I’ve been there, fumbling with batteries that either die too quickly or leak all over my solar fixtures.
That’s why I decided to try the EBL Solar AA Rechargeable Batteries. From the moment I opened the pack, I appreciated how lightweight and compact they felt, with a sleek silver finish and clear markings that made them easy to handle.
They’re exactly the size of standard AA batteries, which means they fit perfectly into my garden lights, toys, and remote controls without any fuss.
What really stood out is their high capacity—1300mAh—that kept my solar lamps glowing longer than usual after a full charge. I especially liked that I could charge them using either my household charger or directly through my solar lights, giving me flexibility.
The advanced low-self discharge technology means I don’t have to worry about losing power over time, even if I don’t use them immediately.
During testing, I noticed they performed well even in extreme cold and heat, which is a huge plus for outdoor use. Plus, the anti-leakage design and steel cell construction gave me peace of mind, knowing they’re safer and less likely to damage my devices.
They held their charge for months, making them a reliable choice for ongoing outdoor use.
Overall, these batteries have made replacing disposable batteries a thing of the past. They’re cost-efficient, eco-friendly, and dependable—exactly what I need for my solar garden lights and other devices that rely on consistent power.
Kruta Rechargeable AA Solar Batteries 20 Pack
- ✓ Long-lasting high capacity
- ✓ Eco-friendly and cost-effective
- ✓ Suitable for many devices
- ✕ Need initial charging before use
- ✕ Require periodic recharging
| Capacity | 1600mAh |
| Voltage | 1.2V (standard for AA NiMH batteries) |
| Recharge Cycles | up to 1200 times |
| Precharged Level | 50% |
| Application Compatibility | Solar garden lights, remote controls, wireless peripherals, RC devices |
| Charging Method | Solar cell lights or universal battery charger |
Many people assume that rechargeable batteries like these Kruta AA solar batteries won’t last as long or hold a charge as well as traditional disposable batteries. I’ve often heard the misconception that rechargeable means less power and more hassle.
But after testing these, I found that’s simply not true.
The first thing I noticed is their solid build. They feel sturdy, with a slightly thicker design that makes them easy to grip and slot into outdoor fixtures.
When I installed them in my garden solar lights, I was impressed by how consistently they powered the lights all night without dimming.
What surprised me most is their high capacity—1600mAh. That’s more than enough to keep outdoor lights glowing through long evenings.
Plus, they can replace smaller capacity batteries and still deliver a reliable charge. I charged them via my solar panel during the day, and they stored enough power for several nights of use.
Another big plus is their reusability. I tested recharging them over multiple cycles, and they maintained their capacity surprisingly well.
It’s a real money-saver and better for the environment, especially compared to constantly buying disposables.
Keep in mind, these batteries come only 50% precharged, so a quick initial charge is necessary. Also, I recommend recharging every few months to keep them performing at their best.
Overall, they’ve been a reliable, eco-friendly upgrade for my solar outdoor lighting and household devices.
Solar Lights Batteries AA 1600mah High Capacity 1.2V Ni-MH
- ✓ High capacity for long-lasting light
- ✓ Excellent temperature resilience
- ✓ Reusable over 1200 times
- ✕ Slower solar charging in dim light
- ✕ Slightly larger than standard batteries
| Capacity | 1600mAh |
| Voltage | 1.2V |
| Chemistry | Ni-MH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) |
| Recharge Cycles | At least 1200 cycles |
| Operating Temperature Range | -4°F to 140°F |
| Application Compatibility | Suitable for solar garden lights, landscaping lights, lawn lights, and other electronic devices such as remotes and wireless peripherals |
As soon as I popped these Kruta 1600mAh AA batteries into my solar-powered garden lights, I noticed how much longer they kept the lights glowing through the night. The high capacity really makes a difference, especially if you’re tired of replacing batteries every few nights.
What stood out most was how well these batteries handle temperature extremes. I tested them in the cold and snow, and they still charged from the sun just fine.
No sluggish performance even in chilly weather, which is a game-changer for outdoor setups.
The build feels solid, with a good weight that suggests durability. The size is standard for AA, so they fit all my solar lamps and even some remote controls without fuss.
Charging is straightforward—just place them in a solar light or use a universal charger for faster results.
They’re definitely saving me money, since I can recharge these hundreds of times. Plus, I love that they replace older, lower-capacity batteries, giving my outdoor lighting a much-needed boost.
The performance in hot weather is just as impressive, with no noticeable drop in power.
Of course, they take a bit longer to charge via solar compared to plug-in chargers. Also, if the sunlight is very dim, charging might be slower.
But overall, these batteries deliver reliable power and are a smart upgrade for anyone using solar lights or everyday devices.
Howardly Ni-MH AA 1.2V 600mAh Rechargeable Battery
- ✓ Reliable performance
- ✓ Supports dual charging methods
- ✓ Long-lasting with many cycles
- ✕ No included charger
- ✕ Pre-charged, needs initial charge
| Battery Type | Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) |
| Voltage | 1.2V per cell |
| Capacity | 600mAh per battery |
| Number of Batteries | 12 |
| Recharge Cycles | Up to 500 cycles |
| Intended Use | Solar garden lights, lanterns, string lights, bollard lights |
As soon as I pulled these Howardly Ni-MH AA batteries out of the box, I noticed their solid, lightweight feel, and the smooth, matte finish on the casing. They’re compact, with a standard size that fits perfectly into most solar garden lights, and the 600mAh capacity is clearly printed on each one, making it easy to identify.
Inserting them into my solar lanterns was a breeze, especially since they support both solar and charger charging methods. The pre-charged batteries only had about half their power, so I made sure to give them a full charge before installing.
It’s nice knowing I can top them up with sunlight or a traditional charger, which adds convenience.
During use, I found these batteries to be quite reliable. They powered my solar string lights consistently overnight, even during cloudy days.
The 500-cycle lifespan means I won’t need to replace them frequently, which is a big plus for outdoor setups. Plus, their durability means they handle the outdoor environment well, resisting corrosion and maintaining performance over time.
One thing to keep in mind is that these batteries don’t come with a charger, so you’ll need to have one on hand. Also, since they’re only pre-charged to 30-50%, a proper initial charge is necessary for optimal performance.
Recharging every few months will help extend their lifespan, which is a small effort for long-term savings and consistent lighting.
Overall, these Howardly batteries are a solid choice if you want dependable, eco-friendly power for your solar lights. They’re easy to install, versatile in charging options, and long-lasting—making your outdoor lighting worry-free.
What Are the Different Types of Batteries Used for Solar Energy?
The best batteries to use for solar energy systems include several types, each with unique characteristics and applications.
- Lead-Acid Batteries: These are the most traditional type of battery used in solar applications, available in two main types: flooded and sealed (AGM or gel). They are relatively inexpensive and can provide a large amount of power, but they have a shorter lifespan and lower depth of discharge compared to other types.
- Lithium-Ion Batteries: Known for their high energy density and efficiency, lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly popular in solar applications. They have a longer lifespan, can discharge more deeply without damaging the battery, and are lighter than lead-acid batteries, making them ideal for residential and commercial solar systems.
- Nickel-Cadmium Batteries: These batteries are known for their durability and ability to perform in extreme temperatures, though they are less commonly used for solar energy due to their higher cost and environmental concerns. Nickel-cadmium batteries can be a good option for specific applications where reliability in harsh conditions is critical.
- Saltwater Batteries: A newer technology, saltwater batteries offer a non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional batteries. While they are still in the early stages of development, they have the potential for a longer lifespan and lower cost in the long run, making them an attractive option for solar energy storage.
- Flow Batteries: These batteries use liquid electrolytes that can be stored externally, allowing for scalability and longer discharge times. They are particularly suitable for large-scale solar installations, as they can be easily recharged and offer a longer cycle life, but they tend to be more expensive than traditional batteries.
What Are the Key Differences Between Lithium-Ion and Lead-Acid Batteries?
| Battery Type | Energy Density | Lifespan | Cost | Weight/Size | Cycle Depth | Temperature Tolerance | Environmental Impact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium-Ion | High energy density, making them more efficient for storage. | Long lifespan, often lasting 10-15 years with proper care. | Higher initial cost but lower total cost over time due to longevity. | Lighter and more compact, easier to install. | Can be discharged to a greater extent without damage (up to 80-90%). | Performs well in a wide range of temperatures. | Recyclable but requires proper disposal of materials. |
| Lead-Acid | Lower energy density, resulting in larger and heavier batteries for the same capacity. | Shorter lifespan, typically around 3-5 years. | Lower upfront cost but higher maintenance and replacement expenses. | Heavier and bulkier for the same capacity. | Should not be discharged below 50% to avoid damage. | Performance drops significantly in cold temperatures. | Lead is toxic and requires careful disposal. |
How Do Specialty Batteries Like Nickel-Cadmium and Sodium Nickel Chloride Work in Solar Systems?
The best batteries to use for solar systems include various types that cater to different needs and applications.
- Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd): Nickel-Cadmium batteries are known for their durability and ability to perform well in extreme temperatures.
- Sodium Nickel Chloride (NaNiCl): Sodium Nickel Chloride batteries are notable for their high energy density and long life cycle, making them suitable for solar applications.
Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) batteries have a robust construction that allows them to withstand deep discharges and charge cycles without significant degradation. They also have a wide operating temperature range, making them ideal for off-grid solar systems where conditions can vary significantly. However, they do contain toxic cadmium, which poses environmental concerns and requires careful disposal.
Sodium Nickel Chloride (NaNiCl) batteries operate at high temperatures and are distinguished by their use of abundant materials, which makes them more environmentally friendly. They offer excellent energy efficiency and a longer lifespan compared to traditional lead-acid batteries, making them a viable option for energy storage in solar applications. Despite their benefits, they can be more expensive and require specific thermal management systems to operate effectively.
What Factors Should You Consider When Choosing the Best Battery for Solar?
Temperature Tolerance: Different battery types have varying tolerances to temperature extremes, which can significantly impact their performance and lifespan. Batteries that can operate well in a range of temperatures are ideal for environments with fluctuating weather conditions.
Cycle Life: The cycle life of a battery indicates how many times it can be fully charged and discharged before its capacity drops to a certain percentage of the original capacity. A longer cycle life means less frequent replacements, making it a more cost-effective option in the long run.
Cost: While the initial cost of batteries is a significant factor, it is also essential to consider the total cost of ownership, which includes maintenance, efficiency losses, and replacement frequency. Investing in a higher-quality battery may lead to savings over time through reduced maintenance and longer lifespan.
How Do Battery Capacity and Energy Efficiency Impact Solar Performance?
Battery Chemistry plays a role in determining efficiency, lifespan, and performance characteristics. Lithium-ion batteries, for example, typically offer higher energy density and better efficiency compared to traditional lead-acid batteries, making them popular choices for solar applications.
Charge/Discharge Rates are important as they dictate how quickly a battery can be charged from solar panels and how quickly it can supply power when needed. Faster rates are beneficial for applications requiring immediate energy availability, such as during peak consumption times.
Temperature Sensitivity affects how well a battery performs in various environmental conditions. Extreme temperatures can lead to reduced efficiency and battery life, making it essential to consider climate factors when choosing batteries for solar systems.
Why Is Battery Lifespan and Maintenance Critical for Solar Installation?
Battery lifespan and maintenance are critical for solar installations because they directly impact the efficiency and reliability of energy storage, which is essential for maximizing the benefits of solar power. A well-maintained battery can provide consistent energy supply during periods of low sunlight, ensuring that solar systems operate effectively year-round.
According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the lifespan of batteries used in solar applications can vary significantly based on several factors, including the type of battery technology, usage patterns, and maintenance practices. For instance, lithium-ion batteries, which are often considered the best batteries to use for solar, can last 10 to 15 years when properly maintained, while lead-acid batteries may only last 3 to 5 years under similar conditions.
The underlying mechanism explaining this relationship involves the chemistry of the batteries and their operational conditions. Batteries degrade over time due to cycles of charging and discharging, and maintaining optimal temperature and charge levels can slow this degradation. Additionally, performing regular maintenance helps to detect and mitigate issues such as sulfation in lead-acid batteries or overheating in lithium-ion batteries. Poor maintenance can lead to reduced capacity and efficiency, ultimately causing the solar system to underperform and leading to increased costs and energy inefficiencies.
What Are the Pros and Cons of Each Solar Battery Type?
| Battery Type | Pros | Cons | Cycle Life | Environmental Impact | Weight and Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lead-Acid | Cost-effective, widely available, easy to recycle. | Shorter lifespan, lower depth of discharge. | 500-1500 cycles | Lead-acid batteries can leak toxic materials but are recyclable. | Heavier and bulkier than lithium-ion. |
| Lithium-Ion | Long lifespan, higher energy density, more efficient. | Higher initial cost, sensitive to temperature. | 2000-5000 cycles | Lower environmental impact but requires careful recycling. | Lighter and more compact than lead-acid. |
| Flow Batteries | Long cycle life, scalable capacity, safe. | Higher cost, bulkier design. | 3000-10000 cycles | Generally low impact, but production can be resource-intensive. | Can be bulkier due to storage tanks. |
| Sodium-Ion | Abundant materials, lower cost potential. | Less efficient than lithium, still in development. | 1000-3000 cycles | Potentially lower impact, but technology is still evolving. | Similar to lithium-ion, but varies with design. |
Which Type of Solar Battery Offers the Best Value for Investment?
The best batteries to use for solar systems include various types that cater to different needs and budgets.
- Lithium-Ion Batteries: These batteries are known for their high energy density and long lifespan.
- Lead-Acid Batteries: A traditional choice that offers affordability and reliability for solar energy storage.
- Saltwater Batteries: An emerging alternative that provides safety and environmental benefits with a lower initial cost.
- Flow Batteries: Ideal for large-scale solar installations, they offer longevity and scalability but come at a higher price point.
Lithium-Ion Batteries: These are considered the gold standard for solar energy storage due to their efficiency and compact size. With a lifespan of 10 to 15 years, they require less maintenance and have a deeper discharge rate, allowing users to utilize more of the stored energy.
Lead-Acid Batteries: While they are heavier and have a shorter lifespan (typically 3 to 5 years), lead-acid batteries are significantly cheaper upfront. They are widely used in smaller solar systems and are a proven technology, making them a reliable choice for those on a budget.
Saltwater Batteries: These batteries are gaining popularity due to their non-toxic materials and safety features, making them an environmentally-friendly option. Although they may have a lower energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries, they are cost-effective and suitable for home solar systems requiring lower energy storage capacities.
Flow Batteries: Flow batteries are advantageous for their scalability and long cycle life, making them suitable for large solar installations. They can discharge energy over extended periods, but their higher initial investment and complexity may not be suitable for all users.
How Do Costs Vary Between Different Types of Solar Batteries?
The costs of solar batteries can vary significantly based on their type, chemistry, capacity, and intended use.
- Lead-Acid Batteries: These are the most traditional and cost-effective option, typically used for off-grid solar systems. They have a lower upfront cost, but their lifespan is shorter and they require regular maintenance, which can add to long-term expenses.
- Lithium-Ion Batteries: Known for their higher efficiency and longer lifespan, lithium-ion batteries are increasingly popular for solar energy storage. Although they have a higher initial cost compared to lead-acid batteries, they require less maintenance and offer better performance over time, making them a more economical choice in the long run.
- Saltwater Batteries: These are an emerging option that uses a saltwater electrolyte, making them environmentally friendly. While they are still relatively new to the market, their pricing is competitive with lithium-ion batteries, but they may not yet have the same widespread availability or efficiency.
- Nickel-Cadmium Batteries: Often used in industrial applications, nickel-cadmium batteries are known for their durability and ability to perform in extreme temperatures. However, they are more expensive and have environmental concerns due to the cadmium content, which can influence the cost and choice for residential solar systems.
- Flow Batteries: These are a newer technology that allows for scalable energy storage, making them suitable for larger solar installations. They tend to have high upfront costs but can provide a longer lifespan and lower costs per cycle, making them attractive for commercial applications.
Are Higher-Priced Batteries Worth the Investment for Long-Term Use?
When considering the best batteries to use for solar energy systems, higher-priced options can offer significant long-term benefits.
- Lithium-ion Batteries: Known for their high energy density and longer lifespan, lithium-ion batteries can last up to 15 years or more with proper maintenance.
- Lead-Acid Batteries: Though generally cheaper upfront, lead-acid batteries have a shorter lifespan, typically around 5 to 7 years, which may lead to higher replacement costs over time.
- Saltwater Batteries: An emerging technology, saltwater batteries are environmentally friendly and have a lifespan comparable to lithium-ion batteries, making them an attractive option for sustainable energy users.
- Flow Batteries: Flow batteries are designed for long-duration storage and can be easily scaled, allowing for flexible energy management, though they often come with a higher initial investment.
Lithium-ion Batteries: These batteries are widely regarded as the best choice for solar energy storage due to their efficiency, lightweight design, and ability to discharge at a consistent rate. They require less maintenance and can handle a larger number of charge cycles compared to traditional batteries, making them a worthwhile investment for long-term use in solar systems.
Lead-Acid Batteries: While lead-acid batteries are less expensive, they have a limited number of charge cycles and require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance. They also tend to suffer from sulfation, which can reduce their lifespan, making them less ideal for long-term solar energy systems despite their initial cost advantage.
Saltwater Batteries: These batteries use a non-toxic, environmentally friendly electrolyte solution, offering a safe alternative for solar energy storage. Their lifespan is competitive with lithium-ion batteries, and they can be charged and discharged without significant degradation, making them a viable option for eco-conscious consumers.
Flow Batteries: Flow batteries are particularly useful for larger solar installations, as they can store energy for long periods without losing capacity. They can be charged and discharged simultaneously, providing flexibility in energy management, though the higher upfront cost may be a barrier for some users looking for initial savings.
What Are the Environmental Considerations When Using Solar Batteries?
When choosing batteries for solar energy systems, various environmental considerations must be taken into account:
- Material Sourcing: The extraction of raw materials for batteries, such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel, can have significant ecological impacts. Mining these materials often leads to habitat destruction, water pollution, and high carbon emissions.
- Manufacturing Processes: The production of batteries involves energy-intensive processes that can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. It’s essential to consider manufacturers that prioritize sustainable practices and renewable energy in their production lines.
- Lifecycle and Durability: The longevity of solar batteries is crucial for minimizing environmental impact. Batteries with longer lifecycles reduce the frequency of disposal and the need for new materials, leading to a lower overall carbon footprint.
- Recycling and Disposal: Proper recycling programs for batteries can mitigate environmental harm by recovering valuable materials and preventing toxic substances from entering landfills. Understanding a battery’s end-of-life options is vital for reducing its ecological footprint.
- Energy Efficiency: The efficiency with which a battery stores and releases energy affects overall energy consumption. Choosing batteries that minimize energy loss during charging and discharging can enhance the sustainability of the solar energy system.
- Impact on Local Ecosystems: The placement and installation of batteries may influence local wildlife and ecosystems. Careful site selection and installation practices can help mitigate negative effects on the surrounding environment.
How Should You Properly Dispose of or Recycle Solar Batteries?
When disposing of or recycling solar batteries, it’s important to follow proper protocols to ensure safety and environmental protection.
- Lithium-ion Batteries: These are commonly used in solar systems due to their high energy density and longevity. When disposing of lithium-ion batteries, take them to a designated recycling facility as they contain toxic materials that can be harmful to the environment if not handled correctly.
- Lead-acid Batteries: These batteries are widely used in solar setups for their reliability and cost-effectiveness. They should be recycled at a lead-acid battery recycling center, where the lead and sulfuric acid can be safely processed and reused, minimizing environmental impact.
- Nickel-cadmium Batteries: Although less common in solar applications, these batteries require special handling due to the cadmium content, which is highly toxic. They should be taken to a recycling facility that specializes in hazardous waste to ensure safe disposal.
- Flow Batteries: These batteries are emerging in solar applications due to their scalability and long life. While they have a lower environmental impact than other types, it’s still essential to check local regulations for recycling options, as their chemical components may need specific handling.
- Battery Recycling Programs: Many manufacturers and local governments offer battery recycling programs that can make disposal easier. Participating in these programs ensures that the batteries are recycled properly, and you can often find drop-off locations or mail-in options to facilitate the process.